I hope that you enjoyed Saturday's Mac Riddles, episode 263. Here are my solutions to them.
1: A small mouthful of liquid for rootless system security.
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SIP
A small mouthful of liquid (a sip) for rootless (an alternative name, from the com.apple.rootless extended attribute that can set SIP on a file) system security (it's system integrity protection).
2: Helper at the turnstile checks apps at launch.
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Gatekeeper
Helper at the turnstile (what it does in the real world) checks apps at launch (what it does in macOS).
3: Moving a section of chromosome run from a random location.
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Translocation
Moving a section of chromosome (translocation in genetics) run from a random location (what it does in macOS, a quarantined app is launched from a random location).
The common factor
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These are all key parts of macOS security protection.
I look forward to your putting alternative cases.